Genomics; The Study Of Whole Genomes Of Organisms, And Incorporates Elements From Genetics

Genomics

Genomics is a field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. It is a study of whole genomes of organisms, and incorporates elements from genetics or it is the study of human genes and chromosomes. Genomics is the study of the total or part of the genetic or epigenetic sequence information of organisms, and attempts to understand structure and function of these sequences and of downstream biological products. The aim of genomics is to describe and understand the pattern of gene expression.

Genome is all of the genetic material in an organism. It is made of DNA (or RNA in some viruses) and includes genes and other elements that control the activity of those genes. Genomics uses the combination of recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyses the structure and function of genomes. Genome is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell. In humans, the genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes located in the cell's nucleus, as well as a small chromosome in the cell's mitochondria.

Genomics help to predict, diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and individually than ever before. Many diseases, such as cancer, are caused by alterations in human genes. Genomics help identify these alterations and search for them using an ever-growing number of genetic tests. Using genomic data, providers can identify patients who are at high risk of developing certain conditions and better plan for treatments. A positive result can direct individuals toward available prevention, monitoring, and treatment options.

Genomic information about cancer is leading to better diagnoses and treatment strategies that are tailored to patients' tumors, an approach called precision medicine. Several countries worldwide are extensively working towards or are engaged in advance Genomics research to understand rare diseases and to aid drug discovery. For instance, the Genome of Europe is a multi-country project that is designed to bring together European countries to build a high-quality European network of national genomic reference cohorts.

 

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